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Home >> Evaluation/Research

Evaluation/Research

Thematic Review

Gender Thematic Review

Youth in Bangladesh: A Thematic Review

Thematic Review of Safe Motherhood in Bangladesh

Thematic Review: Contraceptive Security in Bangladesh

Research

Population momentum in Bangladesh (M. A. Islam, CPD/UNFPA, 2002)

Replacement level may be attained by 2010
Population size would be more than double in 2051.
Two other estimates show that population would be 188 and 192 million in 2051

Plateauing of Fertility level in Bangladesh: Exploring the reality (M. A. Islam, CPD/UNFPA, 2002)

Study was done based on several secondary data set.
TFR stalled due to population momentum effects, shifting childbearing towards younger ages, shifting towards adoption of less effective method mix, stalled in child survival status, and reduction of postpartum infecundability period.

Recent Shift in Bangladesh's Population Policy and Programme Strategies: Prospects and Risks (M. A. Mabud, CPD/UNFPA, 2002)

The paper identified that the new policy and programme strategy placed in 1998 replaced the earlier policies.
Population policy must be population responsive and population influencing and should have long-term vision.

The proposed population policy of Bangladesh: Some Important Issues (M.A. Islam, CPD/ UNFPA, 2002).

Study warned that the population policy will be redundant if the impact of population momentum on women in reproductive age and rapidly growing elderly population are not adequately addressed in the planning process.
Preconditions for the implementation of strategies were not explicitly pre-tested, therefore uncertainty remained with those strategies.
Paper shows that the improvement ion human capital accumulation factors can reduce the rate of population growth and can provide necessary impetus to improve the economic growth of Bangladesh.
Improved agricultural production through massive transformation of firm productivity through irrigation, use of fertilizer, modernization of tools and improved seeds verities and advanced technology are he possible options left for Bangladesh.

Urbanization, migration and Development in Bangladesh: Recent trends and Emerging Issues (N. Islam, CPD/UNFPA, 2002)

This paper reviewed the migration and urbanization patterns and suggested a national human settlement policy, which include policy on migration, urbanization and urban development.

Population and Cost of Education. (K.S. Ahmed, CPD/UNFPA, 2002)

This paper made need assessment of the three sub-sectors for the period of 2000-2020.
If replacement fertility achieved by 2005, the population will continue to grow another 30-35 years before stabilising the population around 160-165 million;
If NRR=1 is delayed to 2010, the growth of population will be higher around 195 million.
The also paper indicates that rapid decrease in total fertility has had impact on the age structure of the population.
This also suggests that in future the demand for higher education will be reduced.
The constant enrolment size of primary, secondary and higher secondary education after 15, 20, 22 years respectively will turn out, and education sector will be relieved from pressure of increasing enrolment. This will facilitate release of resources that could gainfully be utilised for improvement of quality education, internal efficiency, and facility in the education sector.

Islam, M. 2002. Underutilisation of Healthcare Services in Bangladesh. (M. Islam, CPD/UNFPA, 2002)

The study analysed the patterns and determinants of maternal and child health care services utilisation in Bangladesh using the 1996/97 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey data.
The study indicates: mothers' age and child birth and parity are two important predictors of utilisation of ANC and delivery assistance from medically trained personnel;
income and social class of the mothers were strong predictors of receiving ANC and delivery assistance;
Factors measuring the accessibility, availability and communication to health and family planning messages were strongly associated with utilisation of health care services.
There were number of policy implications which could be useful in devising ways to increase the utilisation of MCH services and thus

Female-headed Households in Rural Bangladesh: Strategies for Well-being and Survival. (M. A. Mannan, CPD/UNFPA, 2002)

This paper was looked into the socioeconomic characteristics of the female headed households (FHHs), their survival strategies, and problems faced by them.
The findings indicate that FHHs are frequently handicapped in their ability to provide for consumption needs and attain economic security.
Case studies indicate that widow, divorced, or destitute women, without grown up sons to take care of the family, very often find it difficult to maintain the family and fight a losing battle to save their land, and property.

Demographic and Economic Consequences of Ageing in Bangladesh (M. Kabir, CPD/UNFPA, 2002)

The main purpose of this article is to investigate the demographic, socioeconomic issues that need to be addressed for the care of elderly. In the light of exiting experiences, policy implications and research priorities have been identified and discussed.

Social and Health Status of the Aged in Bangladesh (S. Abedin, CPD/UNFPA, 2002)

Every year approximately 80,000 new elderly are entered into the group of the older persons.
This paper reviews the existing experiences of ageing issues and suggested some policy and strategic implications regarding rapid increasing ageing cohort and its relationships with economic dependency, care giving to the aged by the family, social resource allocation in terms of fiscal support, health services, and income support, etc.

Population and Environment in Bangladesh: Designing A Policy Accounting for Linkages. (F.A. Khatun, CPD/ UNFPA,2002).

This paper explores the population-environment relationships in order to examine how environment degradation affects the population and how the people are the agents of degradation in the context of Bangladesh
The paper indicates that the environmental perspective of the population and the population perspective of the environmental problems are not adequately reflected in the related policies of the country.
Long run solution to the population as well as environmental problem depends on the macroeconomic policies, which will promote stable and broad-based income growth for larger section of the population who have to depend on the extraction of the natural resources for their livelihood, which will help alleviate poverty as well.

Plateauing Fertility in Bangladesh: Correlates and Proximate Determinants. (M. Kabir; M.A.M. Chowdhury, UNFPA,2002).

Using the data set of BDHSs, this analysis suggests that the observed TFR in the 1993-94 BDHS was underestimated due to the systematic misplacement of children's age. Since then there has been a very slow decline in fertility, which was supported by the proximate determinants of fertility that did not change much since 1993-94.
The study observed that about half of the women married and begin having children in their teens, and contraceptive effectiveness has been declined, thus little impact on the overall change in fertility, and suggested new strategies for child survival, initiate community level programmes, improved education programme, and targeted young women for better reproductive health.

Regional Variations in Fertility in Bangladesh. (Islam, M. M. Islam, N. Chakroborty, and U. Rob, 2002).

Using the BDHSs data, the study indicates that Khulna and Rajshahi constitute the low fertility region as they have a low level of TFR as well as a low mean number of children ever born
All other regions constitute a high fertility region.
Low fertility region was evident by demographic factors i.e, low desired fertility among the women; supply-side factors i.e., better accessibility and utilisation of the family planning outreach services; low unmet need for family planning.

Fertility Stabilisation in Bangladesh: The Role of Sex Preference for Children on Desired Family Size. (U.R. Saha, and R. Bairagi, 2002).

The effect of son preference and on the desired family size on fertility in Bangladesh.
Reduction in TFR in the absence of sex preference, but the reduction would not be more than 0.2 children.
There was a strong indication that the desired family size ultimately determines actual fertility in the country. at the same time,
the desired family size is influenced by the level of socioeconomic development.
BCC activities can play a role in forming the desired family size, and consequently, policy planners should adopt a global approach to reduce fertility in the country. in addition, the study recommended that the existing family planning and reproductive health services, fertility programmes have to address the improvement of socioeconomic conditions, particularly women's education, strengthening BBS services in motivating people to have a small family, ending sex preference for children, and increasing breastfeeding, and improvement in child survival.

Dynamics of Menstrual Regulation Practices in Bangladesh. (U. Rob, M. M. Islam, N. Chakroborty, and M. Mutahara. 2002).

The finding revealed that unwanted pregnancy continues to be a major health problem in Bangladesh and MR acceptors want to limit their family size.
Pregnancy occurred either they are not using the appropriate contraceptive methods, or from contraceptive failure. Oral pill has remained as the most widely used methods among MR acceptors.
The findings from in-depth interviews suggest that most of the women received information about MR from relatives and family planning workers and not from the media due to prohibition. The study recommended that service providers should focus more on counselling, particularly use of longer active methods.

End Line Survey on Adolescent Reproductive Health (AC Nielson/UNFPA, 2004).

Quantitative and qualitative data were collected from the target groups.
Findings shows clear evidence of improvement of respondents' knowledge on reproductive organs, legal age at marriage, consequences of early marriage, RTI/STI and HIV/AIDS.
At the same time, impressive increment at CPR level has been occurred at the project site. The data also indicates that after interventions some positive changes took place in RH indicators among the target groups, especially for female adolescent groups

Performance Evaluation of Piloting of the Skilled Birth Attendants (SBA) Training Programme. READ/UNFPA, 2004

Skilled Birth Attendants (SBAs) training supported by the UNFPA and WHO, the GoB has piloted the SBA training programme in six districts (Barisal, Tangail, Comilla, Joypurhat, Jessore and Habiganj).
The study had two components - assessment of the training and performance of SBAs in the community.
The evaluation found SBA training curricula and module (including the logbook); the trainers' manual and assessment tools were quite satisfactory to train the SBAs. It also found that the trainers provided regular feed back to the trainees based on performance checklist, evaluation and logbook. The majority training facilities were well furnished and adequate, which helped to achieve the training objective satisfactorily.
Delivery by SBAs at community level was increased to twofold.

Following thematic reviews have also been carried out by UNFPA Bangladesh:

Mid-term Review of 6th CP. UNFPA, Dhaka, Bangladesh. 2004.

Baseline survey on Knowledge, Attitude, and Behaviour of Target Population of RHIYA Project Sites. AC Nielson/UNFPA, 2004.

6th CP project Evaluations (On going )

Baseline for Tea plantation Project (on going)

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